"It's kind of poetic," she said softly. "We are never more intimate with our star than we are in the dead of winter. We are as close as we can possibly be, yet we turn our face away."
Our planet's orbital dance is not static. The timing of perihelion and aphelion slowly changes over millennia. Currently, perihelion occurs in January and aphelion in July. However, the dates drift by about due to gravitational interactions with other planets. In approximately 10,000 years , perihelion will occur during the Northern Hemisphere's summer, which would significantly alter the intensity of the seasons.
While it might feel like the dead of winter for those in the Northern Hemisphere, Earth is actually at its closest point to the sun during the month of .
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Despite being closer to the sun, the Northern Hemisphere experiences winter during this time because the seasons are determined by the tilt of Earth's axis, not by its distance from the sun.
If you’ve ever wondered during which month the Earth is closest to the Sun, the answer is . The Science of the "Perihelion"
To visually understand how Earth's elliptical path places it closest to the sun in January and farthest in July, consider the orbital diagram below. Note that the eccentricity of the ellipse is visually exaggerated here to clearly show the difference between the two points: Exact Dates of Perihelion and Aphelion "It's kind of poetic," she said softly
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"Believe it or not," Elias said, stepping back from the eyepiece and gesturing for her to look, "at this very moment, the Earth is closer to the Sun than it will be at any other point this year."
A common misconception is that the Earth's distance from the Sun dictates our seasons. If this were true, the entire planet would experience summer in January and winter in July. The Power of Axial Tilt The timing of perihelion and aphelion slowly changes
"It’s actually Jupiter's fault," Elias added.
The reason for this phenomenon lies in the shape of Earth's orbit. Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle; it is an —an elongated circle. Therefore, the distance between the Earth and the Sun varies slightly throughout the year. Perihelion: Greek for "near the sun" (January). Aphelion: Greek for "away from the sun" (July). Why Doesn't Closest Mean Hottest?
"Exactly," Elias said. "And conversely, in July, when we are sweating and complaining about the heat, Earth is actually at its farthest point from the Sun—."
Our calendar year isn't a perfect match for the time it takes to orbit the sun, causing the timing of astronomical events to drift slightly.
