Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging foodborne and zoonotic pathogen, yet many of its encoded proteins remain functionally uncharacterized. This lack of annotation limits understanding of its molecular mechanisms and hampers the identification of novel therapeutic targets. In this study, we systematically performed functional annotation of essential hypothetical proteins from the BNI-3166 strain using an integrative-in-silico approach to uncover potential drug and vaccine candidates. 2,367 protein-coding sequences were retrieved from the RefSeq database and were identified 356 as hypothetical proteins. Using BLASTp, we screened these HPs against the Database of Essential Genes and the human proteome to identify essential non-homologous proteins, resulting in 20 ENH candidates. Functional annotation was performed using several domain-based databases, including Pfam, InterPro, SMART, and SUPERFAMILY. Subsequently, physicochemical properties were analyzed and predicted subcellular localization using PSORTb and CELLO. To assess druggability, the ChEMBL database was used. Virulence factors using VFDB, VICMpred, and VirulentPred 2.0 were also predicted. Gene Ontology annotations were generated via ARGOT2.5. Furthermore, we explored protein-protein interactions using STRING and predicted tertiary structures with AlphaFold3. Moreover, Ligand binding pockets were predicted using PrankWeb, and antigenicity of vaccine candidates was assessed using VaxiJen v2.0. We identified 20 essential non-homologous hypothetical proteins, of which 10 were confidently annotated based on conserved domain analysis. These proteins were classified as enzymes, binding proteins, transporters, regulatory proteins, and potential virulence factors. Among them, eight exhibited characteristics of promising drug targets, while two showed potential as vaccine candidates based on subcellular localization. Druggability analysis revealed that nine proteins had no similarity to known drug targets, suggesting novel therapeutic potential. Predicted 3D structures generated using AlphaFold3 yielded pTM scores ranging from 0.44 to 0.92, indicating acceptable to high modeling confidence. Ligand binding site analysis confirmed druggability in six candidates, and antigenicity screening identified one protein as a potential vaccine target. This study provides a computational framework for identifying functionally important proteins in A. butzleri BNI-3166 and highlights novel therapeutic candidates for experimental validation, offering new directions in drug and vaccine development against this underexplored pathogen.
Key words: Aliarcobacter butzleri, Drug Target Identification, Functional Annotation, Hypothetical Proteins, In Silico Analysis
Received: 08.07.2025; Accepted: 01.09.2025; Early view: 24.09.2025 Published: 10.01.2026
DOI: 10.62063/ecb-66
Citation: Paul, S., Barua, S., & Barua, J.D. (2026). In-silico functional annotation and structural characterization of hypothetical proteins from Aliarcobacter butzleri BNI-3166: Insights into novel virulence and drug targets. The European chemistry and biotechnology journal, 5, 22-39. https://doi.org/10.62063/ecb-66
The copyrights of the studies published in The European Chemistry and Biotechnology Journal (EUCHEMBIOJ) belong to their authors
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0)(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
To find truly "new" content, always sort search results by upload date or release date. For subtitle files, check the "last updated" or "uploaded" date on sites like SubDL.
The lyrics of "Senden Bana Kalan" are a raw confession of the pain that lingers after a relationship ends. The title itself, which repeats throughout the song, means "What's left of you to me." Here is a breakdown of its powerful themes:
(Çka më mbeti nga ti) është një seri dramatike turke që ka tërhequr vëmendjen e publikut ndërkombëtar për shkak të historisë së saj emocionale dhe aktorëve të talentuar. Nëse jeni duke kërkuar për episodet e kësaj serie me titra shqip , këtu është gjithçka që duhet të dini.
While finding the perfect "new" Albanian-subtitled version may require a bit of effort, the resources outlined in this guide—dedicated subtitle databases, Albanian streaming platforms, and YouTube—provide a solid starting point. By understanding the difference between the film and the song, and by knowing where to look for high-quality Albanian translations, you can fully immerse yourself in the world of Senden Bana Kalan .
The inclusion of the word "new" in the search query suggests that audiences are looking for the most recent, high-quality translations. Subtitle files can be updated for several reasons:
The highly searched keyword targets Albanian-speaking audiences looking for the tragic romantic Turkish drama film Senden Bana Kalan (English title: What's Left of You ) with Albanian subtitles ( me titra shqip ).
If you need the translated line by line, let me know and I can provide them. Otherwise, the chorus above is the most requested part for Albanian subtitles.
Ka grupe të dedikuara për "Seriale Turke me Titra Shqip". Anëtarët në këto grupe shpesh ndajnë lidhje (links) për epizodat më të reja ose ato më të vjetra si Senden Bana Kalan .
Aktorja e njohur shqiptarëve nga serialet e tjera si "Kara Sevda", ofron një performancë mbresëlënëse që lidhet emocionalisht me publikun.
The term "me titra shqip" (with Albanian subtitles) refers to the massive consumption of Turkish telenovelas in the Balkans. "Senden Bana Kalan" holds a unique position in this market for several reasons:
A keni një version të preferuar të kësaj kënge? Shkruani në komente cili është përkthimi më i mirë që keni parë ndonjëherë!
One of the friends, a young woman named Shqip, felt a shiver run down her spine as their eyes met. She looked away quickly, trying to brush off the feeling of unease.
This article explores both the film and the song, details their availability with Albanian subtitles, and provides you with all the resources you need to watch or listen to this emotional Turkish story in your native language.
These platforms often have the latest releases and may be your best bet for finding "new" or updated Albanian-subtitled versions of Senden Bana Kalan .
In addition to the film, there is a Turkish-language song titled "Senden Bana Kalan" performed by the artist Zaaf. This song was released as a single on March 17, 2023.
The film's poignant portrayal of young love amidst personal and familial challenges has contributed to its enduring popularity in Turkish cinema. It is available on streaming platforms like Netflix in select regions, making it accessible to a global audience. In 2025, the film also began airing in Italy on Canale 5 under the title Memories , further expanding its reach.
Shpesh, komunitetet e tifozëve ngarkojnë episode të lidhura në kanalet e mediave sociale. Kërkoni playlist-a të plota.
To find truly "new" content, always sort search results by upload date or release date. For subtitle files, check the "last updated" or "uploaded" date on sites like SubDL.
The lyrics of "Senden Bana Kalan" are a raw confession of the pain that lingers after a relationship ends. The title itself, which repeats throughout the song, means "What's left of you to me." Here is a breakdown of its powerful themes:
(Çka më mbeti nga ti) është një seri dramatike turke që ka tërhequr vëmendjen e publikut ndërkombëtar për shkak të historisë së saj emocionale dhe aktorëve të talentuar. Nëse jeni duke kërkuar për episodet e kësaj serie me titra shqip , këtu është gjithçka që duhet të dini.
While finding the perfect "new" Albanian-subtitled version may require a bit of effort, the resources outlined in this guide—dedicated subtitle databases, Albanian streaming platforms, and YouTube—provide a solid starting point. By understanding the difference between the film and the song, and by knowing where to look for high-quality Albanian translations, you can fully immerse yourself in the world of Senden Bana Kalan .
The inclusion of the word "new" in the search query suggests that audiences are looking for the most recent, high-quality translations. Subtitle files can be updated for several reasons: senden bana kalan me titra shqip new
The highly searched keyword targets Albanian-speaking audiences looking for the tragic romantic Turkish drama film Senden Bana Kalan (English title: What's Left of You ) with Albanian subtitles ( me titra shqip ).
If you need the translated line by line, let me know and I can provide them. Otherwise, the chorus above is the most requested part for Albanian subtitles.
Ka grupe të dedikuara për "Seriale Turke me Titra Shqip". Anëtarët në këto grupe shpesh ndajnë lidhje (links) për epizodat më të reja ose ato më të vjetra si Senden Bana Kalan .
Aktorja e njohur shqiptarëve nga serialet e tjera si "Kara Sevda", ofron një performancë mbresëlënëse që lidhet emocionalisht me publikun. To find truly "new" content, always sort search
The term "me titra shqip" (with Albanian subtitles) refers to the massive consumption of Turkish telenovelas in the Balkans. "Senden Bana Kalan" holds a unique position in this market for several reasons:
A keni një version të preferuar të kësaj kënge? Shkruani në komente cili është përkthimi më i mirë që keni parë ndonjëherë!
One of the friends, a young woman named Shqip, felt a shiver run down her spine as their eyes met. She looked away quickly, trying to brush off the feeling of unease.
This article explores both the film and the song, details their availability with Albanian subtitles, and provides you with all the resources you need to watch or listen to this emotional Turkish story in your native language. The title itself, which repeats throughout the song,
These platforms often have the latest releases and may be your best bet for finding "new" or updated Albanian-subtitled versions of Senden Bana Kalan .
In addition to the film, there is a Turkish-language song titled "Senden Bana Kalan" performed by the artist Zaaf. This song was released as a single on March 17, 2023.
The film's poignant portrayal of young love amidst personal and familial challenges has contributed to its enduring popularity in Turkish cinema. It is available on streaming platforms like Netflix in select regions, making it accessible to a global audience. In 2025, the film also began airing in Italy on Canale 5 under the title Memories , further expanding its reach.
Shpesh, komunitetet e tifozëve ngarkojnë episode të lidhura në kanalet e mediave sociale. Kërkoni playlist-a të plota.