Pharmaceutical companies require financial incentives to invest in the research and development of novel antibiotic classes, a field that has seen little innovation in recent decades.
: Paragraph E focuses entirely on the "market failure within the global pharmaceutical sector." It details why developing novel antibiotics yields an "incredibly poor return on investment" compared to chronic-disease medications, explicitly outlining the economic factors discouraging drug development. 2. Answer: B
For nearly a century, antibiotics have been the bedrock of modern medicine. Since Alexander Fleming’s chance discovery of penicillin in 1928, these miracle drugs have saved hundreds of millions of lives. They transformed once-fatal infections—like pneumonia, tuberculosis, and rheumatic fever—into easily treatable ailments. They also made complex surgeries, organ transplants, and cancer therapies possible by shielding vulnerable patients from opportunistic bacterial infections. However, this golden age of medicine is under severe threat. Paragraph B Answer: B For nearly a century, antibiotics have
(Paragraph text: "...creates a selective pressure environment.")
: Resistance develops and spreads through various pathways, including contaminated food, poor hygiene, and horizontal gene transfer. They also made complex surgeries, organ transplants, and
Paragraph G specifies that addressing this threat "requires a coordinated, global 'One Health' approach..."
: For TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN questions, remember that FALSE requires direct, opposing evidence. If the text says "different species" and the question says "identical species," it is explicitly FALSE. If the text mentions an industry will be "disrupted" but the question says "completely eliminated," it is NOT GIVEN because you cannot prove total elimination from the word disruption. In some developing nations
The rise of antibiotic resistance is not a simple medical problem but a complex interplay of human behaviour, agricultural practices, and economic pressures. One major driver is the overprescription of antibiotics by healthcare providers, often in response to patient demand or diagnostic uncertainty. Viral infections, against which antibiotics are useless, are frequently treated with antibiotics, promoting resistance without any benefit.
In some developing nations, the lack of rules means that ________ purchasing of antibiotics is quite common.
An explanation of how resistant traits can be transferred between different species of bacteria.
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